• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    In the area sensor according to the present invention, a first semiconductor region (FD1) is disposed at a central portion of a pixel region (PA1) and in the charge generation region, and accumulates signal charges from the charge generation region. A third semiconductor region (FD3) is disposed in the corner portion of the pixel region (PA1) and outside the charge generation region, and collects unnecessary charges from the charge generation region. A photogate electrode (PG1) is disposed on the charge generation region. A first gate electrode (TX1) is disposed between the first semiconductor region (FD1) and the charge generation region and causes signal charges to flow from the charge generation region into the first semiconductor region (FD1) in response to an input signal. A third gate electrode (TX3) is disposed between the third semiconductor region (FD3) and the charge generation region and causes unnecessary charges to flow from the charge generation region into the third semiconductor region (FD3) in response to an input signal. The invention further relates to a range image sensor (1), which is composed of a plurality of range sensors.
    公开号:CH708005B1
    申请号:CH01304/14
    申请日:2012-11-13
    公开日:2016-02-15
    发明作者:Mase Mitsuhito；Suzuki Takashi；Hiramitsu Jun
    申请人:Hamamatsu Photonics Kk；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical area
    The present invention relates to an area sensor and a range image sensor.
    State of the art
    A time-of-flight (TOF) area image sensor (area sensor) is known (see, for example, Non-Patent Literature 1). The area image sensor described in this literature includes a charge generation region configured to generate charges in response to incident light, a charge collection region disposed in the charge generation region to be surrounded by the charge generation region, a charge-discharge region, disposed outside the charge generation region to surround the charge generation region, an inside gate electrode disposed at the charge generation region and configured to cause charges to flow from the charge generation region into the charge collection region in response to an input signal; Outer side discharge gate electrode disposed on the charge generation region and configured to bring charges from the charge generation region into the charge-discharge region in response to an input signal. The charge collection region is disposed at the central portion of the polygonal pixel region, and the charge-discharge region is disposed around the entire pixel region. Due to a potential difference applied between the inner side gate electrode and the outer side charge gate electrode, a potential gradient is formed over regions immediately below the inner side gate electrode and the outer side discharge gate electrode. Due to this potential gradient, charges generated in the charge generation region migrate into the charge collection region or charge discharge region.
    Non-patent literature
    Non-Patent Literature 1: TY Lee et al., "A 192x108 pixel ToF-3D image sensor with single-tap concentric gate demodulation pixels in 0.13μm technology" Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting, December 5-5 8, 2011, pages 8.7.1-8.7.4.
    Summary of the invention
    Technical problem
    However, the area image sensor described in Non-Patent Literature 1 has the following problem.
    Since the charge-discharge region, which is outside the charge delay region, is arranged around the entire polygonal pixel region, the area of the charge-generating region must be reduced. Consequently, an aperture ratio which is the area of the charge generation region to the ratio of the area of the pixel region is small.
    When the charge generation region is increased toward the end of the pixel region, the aperture ratio is high, but the charge-discharge region can not be arranged. Since a charge transfer time is proportional to the distance the charges travel, the distance that charges generated in the vicinity of the corner portion of the pixel region in the charge generation region travel to the charge collection region is long, and the transfer time is also long. As a result, efficiency of transfer of charges to the charge collection region is poor.
    An object of the present invention is to provide an area sensor and a range image sensor which can improve the aperture ratio and charge transfer efficiency.
    the solution of the problem
    In one aspect, the present invention is an area sensor comprising: a charge generation area configured such that outer peripheries thereof extend in sides of a polygonal pixel area except for corner portions of the pixel area, and configured to generate charges in response incident light; a signal charge collection region arranged at a central portion of the pixel region and within the charge generation region to be surrounded by the charge generation region and configured to accumulate the signal charges from the charge generation region; a non-required charge collection region disposed in a corner portion of the pixel region and outside the charge generation region, and configured to collect unnecessary charges from the charge generation region; a photogate electrode disposed on the charge generation region; a transfer electrode disposed between the signal charge collection region and the charge generation region, and configured to cause signal charges to flow from the charge generation region into the signal charge collection region in response to an input signal; and a non-required charge collection gate electrode disposed between the unnecessary charge collection region and the charge generation region, and configured to cause the unnecessary charges to flow from the charge generation region to the unnecessary charge collection region, in response to an input signal.
    In the present invention, the outer peripheries of the charge generation region extend to the sides of the pixel region except for the corner portions of the polygonal pixel region, and the area of the charge generation region is increased. This allows the aperture ratio to be improved.
    When the charge generation region is extended into the corner portions of the pixel region, the distance is long, the charges generated in regions corresponding to the corner portions of the pixel region in the charge generation region to migrate to the signal charge collection region located at the central portion of the pixel Pixel area is located. For this reason, the transfer time of charges generated in areas corresponding to the corner portions to the signal charge collection area is increased, and therefore, the efficiency of transferring signal charges to the charge collection area decreases. In contrast, in the present invention, the charge generation region is not located in the corner portions of the pixel region as explained above, and signal charges are therefore not transferred from a region that causes the distance that the charges travel to be longer. For this reason, the efficiency of the transfer of signal charges into the charge collection region is improved.
    In the present invention, the unnecessary charge collection area is arranged in the corner portion of the pixel area in which the charge generation area is not arranged. For this reason, the unnecessary charge collection area can be arranged without deterioration of the aperture ratio improvement and the charge transfer efficiency.
    The area sensor may include a plurality of adjacent pixel areas, wherein the charge generating areas of the plurality of pixel areas may be integrated with each other, and the photogate electrodes of the plurality of pixel areas may be integrated with each other. The unnecessary charge collection areas of the plurality of pixel areas may be integrated with each other. In any case, the utilization efficiency of the sensor surface can be improved. As a result, spatial resolution can be improved.
    The transfer electrodes of the plurality of pixel regions may be supplied with respective charge transfer signals having different phases. In this case, the distance is calculated based on outputs from a plurality of the adjacent pixel areas.
    The transfer electrode may be supplied with a transfer signal which is intermittently given a phase shift at a predetermined time. In this case, the distance is calculated based on outputs from a pixel area. For this reason, this configuration can reduce the deviation in the calculation of the distance, compared with a configuration in which the distance is calculated based on outputs from a plurality of pixel areas. Further, the utilization efficiency of the sensor surface can be increased, and spatial resolution can be improved.
    A region in which a readout circuit for reading out a signal corresponding to a charge amount accumulated in the signal charge collection region is arranged may be arranged along one side of the pixel region and outside the pixel region. A region in which a readout circuit for reading a signal corresponding to a charge amount accumulated in the signal charge collection region is arranged may be arranged in a corner portion of the pixel region. In that case, the readout circuit can be arranged without a reduction in the improvement of the aperture ratio and the charge transfer efficiency.
    The signal charge collection region may be rectangular when viewed in a plan view, and the transfer electrode may be nearly polygonal ring-shaped.
    In another aspect, the present invention is a range image sensor including an imaging region including a plurality of units arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement on a semiconductor substrate, which obtains a region image based on charge quantities derived from the units are output, each of the units being the above-mentioned range sensor.
    According to the present invention, the aperture ratio and the charge transfer efficiency can be improved, as explained above.
    Advantageous effect of the invention
    The present invention provides the area sensor and the area image sensor which can improve the aperture ratio and charge transfer efficiency.
    Brief description of the drawings
    [0020]<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a distance measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> is a diagram for explaining a cross-sectional configuration of a region image sensor.<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> is a schematic plan view of the area image sensor.<Tb> FIG. 4 <SEP> is a schematic diagram for explaining a configuration of a pixel in the area image sensor.<Tb> FIG. 5 <SEP> is a cross-sectional diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of the imaging region taken along the line V-V in FIG. 4.<Tb> FIG. 6 <SEP> is a diagram illustrating a potential profile for explaining a charge accumulation operation.<Tb> FIG. 7 <SEP> is a graph showing a potential profile for explaining a charge accumulation operation.<Tb> FIG. 8 <SEP> is a diagram illustrating a potential profile for explaining a charge-discharge operation.<Tb> FIG. 9 <SEP> is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel.<Tb> FIG. 10 <SEP> is a timing diagram of various signals.<Tb> FIG. 11 <SEP> is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a pixel of a range image sensor according to a modified example.<Tb> FIG. 12 <SEP> is a timing diagram of various signals.<Tb> FIG. 13 <SEP> is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of pixels of a range image sensor according to a modified example.<Tb> FIG. 14 <SEP> is a timing diagram of various signals.<Tb> FIG. 15 <SEP> is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of pixels of a region image sensor according to a modified example.<Tb> FIG. 16 <SEP> is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of pixels of a range image sensor according to a modified example.<Tb> FIG. 17 <SEP> is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of pixels of a range image sensor according to a modified example.
    Description of the embodiments
    The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be explained below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description, the same elements or elements having the same functionality are denoted by the same reference numerals without a redundant description.
    Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a distance measuring device.
    This distance measuring device is provided with a range image sensor 1, a light source 3 configured to emit near-infrared light, a drive circuit 4, a control circuit 2, and an arithmetic circuit 5. The drive circuit 4 provides a Pulsansteuersignal SPan the light source 3 ready. The control circuit 2 provides detection gate signals S1, S2 synchronized with the pulse drive signal SP to first and second gate electrodes (TX1, TX2: see FIG. 4) included in each pixel of the area image sensor 1. The arithmetic circuit 5 calculates a distance to an object H, e.g. a pedestrian or the like based on a signal d (m, n) indicative of distance information read out from the first and second semiconductor regions (FD1, FD2: see FIG. 4) of the area image sensor 1. The distance from the area image sensor to the object H in a horizontal direction D is set to d. The control circuit 2 also outputs a charge transfer signal S3, which will be described below.
    The control circuit 2 inputs a pulse drive signal SP to the switch 4b of the drive circuit 4. The light source 3 for projecting light including an LED or a laser diode is connected to a power source 4a through the switch 4b. When the pulse driving signal SPin is inputted to the switch 4b, a driving current having the same waveform as the pulse driving signal SPan is supplied to the light source 3, and the light source 3 outputs a pulsed light LP as a distance measuring test light. When the pulsed light LP is irradiated on the object H, the pulsed light is reflected by the object H. The reflected pulsed light is incident as the pulsed light LD in the area image sensor 1, and a pulse detection signal SD is output.
    The area image sensor 1 is arranged on a wiring board 10. The signal d (m, n) containing a distance information is output from each pixel of the area image sensor 1 via a wiring of the wiring board 10.
    The waveform of the pulse drive signal SP is a square wave having a period T. Assuming that a high level is "1" and a low level is "0", the related voltage V (t) becomes as the following equations where:Pulsation control signal SP:<tb> V (t) <SEP> = 1 (in the case of 0 <t <T / 2));<tb> V (t) <SEP> = 0 (in the case of T / 2) <t <T);<tb> V (t + T) <SEP> = V (t)
    The waveforms of the detection gate signals S1, S2 are square waves having a period T. The voltages V (t) thereof are given by the following equations:Detection gate signal S1:<tb> V (t) <SEP> = 1 (in the case of 0 <t <(T / 2));<tb> V (t) <SEP> = 0 (in the case of (T / 2) <t <T);<tb> V (t + T) <SEP> = V (t). Detection gate signal S2 (= inversion of S1):<tb> V (t) <SEP> = 0 (in the case of 0 <t <(T / 2));<tb> V (t) <SEP> = 1 (in the case of (T / 2) <t <T);<tb> V (t + T) <SEP> = V (t).
    The above pulse signals SP, S1, S2, SD all have one pulse period (2 x TP). Let Q1 be a charge amount generated in the area image sensor 1, where the detection gate signal S1 and the pulse detection signal SD are both "1" and Q2 a charge amount generated in the area image sensor 1, the detection gate signal S2 and the pulse detection signal SDbeide "1 are.
    A phase difference between the detection gate signal S1 and the pulse detection signal SD is proportional to the charge quantity Q2 generated in the area image sensor 1 in an overlap period in which the detection gate signal S2 and the pulse detection signal SD are "1". That is, the charge quantity Q2 is a charge amount generated in the period in which the logical AND of the detection gate signal S2 and the pulse detection signal SD are "1". When a total charge amount generated in a single pixel is equal to Q1 + Q2 and the half-period pulse width of the pulse drive signal SP is equal to TP, the pulse detection signal SD remains behind the pulse drive signal SPum Δt = TPx Q2 / (Q1 + Q2). The transit time of a light pulse is given by Δt = 2d / c, where d is the distance to the object and c is the speed of light. For this reason, when the two charge quantities (Q1, Q2) as a signal d (m, n) having the distance information are output from a certain pixel, the arithmetic circuit 5 calculates the distance d = (cx Δt) (2 = cx TPx Q2 / (2 x Q1 + Q2)) to the object H, based on the inputted charge quantities Q1, Q2 and the predetermined half-period pulse width TP.
    As explained above, the arithmetic circuit 5 can calculate the distance d by separately reading the charge quantity from Q1, Q2. The above pulses are repeatedly emitted, and integral values may be output as respective charge quantities Q1, Q2.
    The ratios of the charge quantities Q1 and Q2 to the total charge amount correspond to the above-described phase difference, that is, the distance to the object H. The arithmetic circuit 5 calculates the distance to the object H based on the phase difference. As described above, when the time difference corresponding to the phase difference is set to .DELTA.t, the distance d is preferably given by d = (c.times.Δt) / 2, but a suitable correction operation may be additionally performed. If e.g. an actual distance is different from the calculated distance d, a factor β for correcting the latter is obtained in advance, and the final calculated distance d is obtained by multiplying the factor β by the calculated distance d in a product after the manufacturing. Another available correction is that an ambient temperature is measured and an operation for correcting the speed of light c is performed when the speed of light c differs depending on the ambient temperature, and the distance calculation is then performed. It is also possible to store in advance in a memory a relationship between signals input to the arithmetic circuit and actual distances, and to determine the distance by a lookup table method. The calculation method may be modified depending on the sensor structure and the conventionally known calculation methods that can be applied thereto.
    Fig. 2 is a diagram for explaining a cross-sectional configuration of the area image sensor.
    The area image sensor 1 is a front-illuminated area image sensor and has a semiconductor substrate 1A. Pulsed light LD is incident on the area image sensor 1 through a light incident surface 1FT. A back surface 1BK of the area image sensor 1, opposite to the light incident surface 1FT, is connected to the wiring board 10 via an adhesion area AD. The adhesion region AD contains an insulating adhesive and a filling compound. The area image sensor 1 includes a light shielding layer LI having an opening at a predetermined location. The light shielding surface LI is disposed on the front side of the light incident surface 1FT.
    FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the area image sensor. FIG.
    In the area image sensor 1, the semiconductor substrate 1A has an imaging area 1B including a plurality of pixels P (m, n) arranged in a two-dimensional array. Each pixel P (m, n) outputs two charge quantities (Q1, Q2) as the above-mentioned signal d (m, n) having the distance information. Each pixel P (m, n) operates as a microscopic distance measuring sensor and outputs the signal d (m, n) based on the distance to the object H. Therefore, when light reflected from the object H focuses on the imaging area 1B, a range image of the object can be detected as a collection of distance information to respective points on the object H. A single pixel P (m, n) operates as a single range / distance sensor.
    Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a configuration of one pixel in the area image sensor. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration taken along the line V-V in FIG. 4. FIG.
    As shown in Fig. 2, the area image sensor 1 is provided with the semiconductor substrate 1A having the light incident surface 1FT and the back surface 1BK facing each other. The semiconductor substrate 1A has a p-type first substrate region 1Aa located on the back surface 1BK side, and a p <-> -type second substrate region 1Ab located on the light incident surface 1FT side. The second substrate region 1Ab has a higher impurity concentration than the first substrate region 1Aa. The semiconductor substrate 1A may be e.g. by obtaining a p <-> type epitaxial layer on a p-type semiconductor substrate, wherein the p <-> type epitaxial layer has a lower impurity concentration than the semiconductor substrate.
    Each pixel P (m, n) of the area image sensor 1 includes two pixel areas PA1, PA2 adjacent in a row or column direction. That is, in the area image sensor 1, a first unit arranged in the pixel area PA1 and a second unit arranged in the pixel area PA2 are arranged adjacent in the row or column direction. The first and second units arranged adjacent in the row or column direction form a pixel P (m, n). The pixel areas PA1, PA2 are almost polygonal when viewed in a plan view. In the present embodiment, first and second semiconductor regions FD1 and FD2 are rectangular (in particular, square-shaped). The pixel areas PA1, PA2 are alternately arranged over the imaging area 1B in the row and column directions, and are communicated in the row and column directions.
    The area image sensor 1 is provided, in the pixel area PA1, with a photogate electrode PG1, a first gate electrode TX1, a plurality of third gate electrodes TX3, a first semiconductor area FD1 and a plurality of third semiconductor areas FD3. The area image sensor 1 is provided, in the pixel area PA2, with a photogate electrode PG2, a second gate electrode TX2, a plurality of third gate electrodes TX3, a second semiconductor area FD2, and a plurality of third semiconductor areas FD3.
    The photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 are provided on the light incident surface 1FT via an insulating layer IE, and are arranged successively in the row and column directions. The first to third gate electrodes TX1, TX2, TX3 are provided above the insulating layer 1E on the light incident surface 1FT, and are adjacent to the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2. The first to third semiconductor regions FD1, FD2, FD3 accumulate respective charges flowing into regions immediately below the respective gate electrodes TX1, TX2, TX31, TX32. In the present embodiment, the semiconductor substrate 1A is made of Si, and the insulating layer 1E is made of SiO 2.
    Openings LIa are formed in respective areas corresponding to the pixel areas PA1, PA2 in the light shielding layer LI. These openings LIa are formed in the light-shielding layer LI successively in the row and column directions. Light, reflected light from the object H, is incident on the semiconductor substrate 1A via the openings LIa of the light shielding layer LI. Therefore, through the openings LIa, light receiving areas are defined in the semiconductor substrate 1A. The light-shielding layer LI is made of metal such as metal. Aluminum or the like.
    In the pixel area PA1, the photogate electrode PG1 is arranged corresponding to the opening LIa. In the pixel area PA2, the photogate electrode PG2 is arranged corresponding to the opening LIa. The shapes of the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 correspond to those of the openings LIa. The outer peripheries of the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 extend to the sides of the pixel areas PA1, PA2 except for the corner portions of the pixel areas PA1, PA2. The outer peripheries of the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 extend to the sides of the pixel areas PA1, PA2, and therefore, the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 are continuous with other photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 in the row and column directions. In the pixel areas PA1, PA2, the outer contours of the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 are approximately "+" -shaped, and the respective inner contours are approximately rectangular (in particular square-shaped). Although the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 are made of polysilicon, they may include other materials.
    The first semiconductor region FD1 is disposed in the photogate electrode PG1 so as to be surrounded by the photogate electrode PG1. The first semiconductor region FD1 is spatially separated from an area immediately below the photogate electrode PG1. That is, the first semiconductor region FD1 is disposed on the inside of the light receiving area to be surrounded by the light receiving area, and is spatially separated from the light receiving area.
    The second semiconductor region FD2 is disposed within the photogate electrode PG2 so as to be surrounded by the photogate electrode PG2. The second semiconductor region FD2 is spatially separated from an area immediately below the photogate electrode PG2. That is, the second semiconductor region FD2 is disposed within the light receiving area so as to be surrounded by the light receiving area, and is spatially separated from the light receiving area.
    The first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 are nearly polygonal when viewed in a plan view. In the present embodiment, the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 are rectangular (in particular, square-shaped). The first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 have a function as signal charge collection regions. The first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 are regions consisting of n-type semiconductors having a high impurity concentration, and are floating diffusion regions.
    The first gate electrode TX1 is disposed between the photogate electrode PG1 (light receiving region) and the first semiconductor region FD1. The gate electrode TX1 is located outside the first semiconductor region FD1 so as to surround the first semiconductor region FD1, and is also inside the photogate electrode PG1 so as to be surrounded by the photogate electrode PG1. The first gate electrode TX1 is spatially separated from the photogate electrode PG1 and the first semiconductor region FD1 so as to be interposed between the photogate electrode PG1 and the first semiconductor region FD1.
    The second gate electrode TX2 is disposed between the photogate electrode PG2 (light receiving area) and the second semiconductor area FD2. The second gate electrode TX2 is located outside the second semiconductor region FD2 to surround the second semiconductor region FD2 and, moreover, is located within the photogate electrode PG2 so as to be surrounded by the photogate electrode PG2. The second gate electrode TX2 is spatially separated from the photogate electrode PG2 and the second semiconductor region FD2 so as to be interposed between the photogate electrode PG2 and the second semiconductor region FD2.
    The first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2 are almost polygonally annular when viewed in a plan view. In the present embodiment, the first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2 are rectangularly annular. Although the first and second gate electrodes TX1 and TX2 are made of polysilicon, they may include other materials. The first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2 have a function as transfer electrodes.
    The third semiconductor regions FD3 are arranged in the corner portions of the pixel areas PA1 and PA2 and outside the photogate electrodes PG1 and PG2. The third semiconductor regions FD3 are spatially separated from regions immediately below the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2. That is, the third semiconductor regions FD3 are arranged outside the light receiving areas and, moreover, are arranged spatially separately on the light receiving areas.
    In the pixel areas PA1, PA2, the third semiconductor regions FD3 are approximately polygonal when viewed in a plan view. In the present embodiment, the third semiconductor regions FD3 are nearly rectangular (in particular, square-shaped). The third semiconductor regions FD3 adjacent in a row and column direction are integrated with each other. As a result, in four pixel areas PA1, PA2 adjacent in the row and column directions, four third semiconductor areas FD3 located at the central portion of the pixel areas PA1, PA2 are simply rectangular (in particular, simply square). The third semiconductor regions FD3 have a function as collection regions for unnecessary charges. The third semiconductor regions FD3 are regions consisting of n-type semiconductors having a high impurity concentration, and are floating diffusion regions.
    The third gate electrode TX3 is disposed between the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 (light receiving areas) and the third semiconductor area FD3. The third gate electrode TX3 is spatially separated from the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 and the third semiconductor region FD3 to be interposed between the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 and the third semiconductor region FD3. Although the third gate electrode TX3 is made of polysilicon, it may include other materials. The third gate electrode TX3 has a function as a collecting gate for unnecessary charges.
    In the pixel areas PA1, PA2, the third gate electrodes TX3 are "L" shaped when viewed in a plan view. The ends of the third gate electrodes TX3 extend to the sides of the pixel areas PA1 and PA2, the third gate electrodes TX3 being continuous with the third gate electrodes TX3 adjacent in the row and column directions. That is, in the four pixel areas PA1, PA2 adjacent in the row and column directions, four third gate electrodes TX3 located at the central portions of the pixel areas PA1, PA2 are nearly rectangularly annular. The four third gate electrodes TX3, which are nearly rectangularly annular in total, are outside the four third semiconductor regions FD3, which are generally rectangular in shape to surround the respective four third semiconductor regions FD3.
    The photogate electrode PG1 and the first gate electrode TX1 are arranged concentrically around the first semiconductor region FD1 in the order of the first gate electrode TX1 and the photogate electrode PG1 from the side of a first semiconductor region FD1. The photogate electrode PG2 and the second gate electrode TX2 are arranged concentrically around the second semiconductor region FD2, in the order of the second gate electrode TX2 and the photogate electrode PG2, from one side of a second semiconductor region FD2.
    The thickness / impurity concentration of each of the regions is as follows:First substrate region 1Aa of the semiconductor substrate 1A:Thickness 5-700 μm / impurity concentration 1 × 10 <18> - 10 <20> cm <-> <3>Second substrate region 1Ab of the semiconductor substrate 1A:Thickness 3-50 μm / impurity concentration 1 × 10 <13> - 10 <16> cm <-> <3>First and second semiconductor region FD1, FD2:Thickness 0.1-0.4 μm / impurity concentration 1 × 10 <18> - 10 <20> cm <-> <3>Third semiconductor areas FD3:Thickness 0.1-0.4 μm / impurity concentration 1 × 10 <18> - 10 <20> cm <-> <3>
    Contact holes (not shown) are formed through the insulating layer IE to expose the surfaces of the first to third semiconductor regions FD1, FD2, FD3 to the outside. Electric conductors (not shown) are arranged in the contact holes to connect the first to third semiconductor regions FD1, FD2, FD3 to the outside.
    The light shielding layer LI covers a region in which the first to third gate electrodes TX1, TX2, TX3 and the first to third semiconductor regions FD1, FD2, FD3 are disposed in the semiconductor substrate 1A, and prevents light from being applied to the corresponding area. This can prevent unnecessary charges from being generated by light incident on the area.
    The regions corresponding to the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 in the semiconductor substrate 1A (region immediately below the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2) have a function as charge generation regions in which charges are generated in response to the incident light. The shapes of the charge generating regions therefore correspond to those of the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 and the openings LIa. That is, in the pixel areas PA1, PA2, the outer peripheries of the charge generation areas extend to the sides of the pixel areas PA1, PA2 except for the corner portions of the pixel areas PA1, PA2. More specifically, in the pixel areas PA1, PA2, the outer contours of the charge generating regions are nearly "+" -shaped, and the respective inner contours are nearly rectangular (in particular, square-shaped). The outer peripheries of the charge generation regions extend to the sides of the pixel regions PA1, PA2, and the charge generation regions are therefore continuous with other charge generation regions in the row and column directions.
    When a signal having a high level (positive electric potential) is supplied to the first gate electrode TX1, a potential below the first gate electrode TX1 becomes lower than potentials in areas immediately below the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 in FIG the semiconductor substrate 1A. This causes the negative charge (electron) to be pulled toward the first gate electrode TX1 to be accumulated in a potential trench formed by the first semiconductor region FD1. The first gate electrode TX1 causes a signal charge to flow into the first semiconductor region FD1 in response to the input signal. An n-type semiconductor contains a positively ionized donor and has a positive potential to attract electrons. When a signal having a low level (e.g., a ground electrical potential) is supplied to the first gate electrode TX1, a potential barrier is generated by the first gate electrode TX1. The charges generated in the semiconductor substrate 1A are therefore not drawn into the first semiconductor region FD1.
    When a signal having a high level (positive electric potential) is supplied to the second gate electrode TX2, a potential below the second gate electrode TX2 becomes lower than the potentials in areas immediately below the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 in the semiconductor substrate 1A. This causes negative charges (electrons) to be drawn toward the second gate electrode TX2 and to accumulate in a potential trench formed by the second semiconductor region FD2. The second gate electrode TX2 causes a signal charge flow into the second semiconductor region FD2 in response to the input signal. When a signal having a low level (e.g., a ground electric potential) is supplied to the second gate electrode TX2, a potential barrier is generated by the second gate electrode TX2. Therefore, charges generated in a semiconductor substrate 1A are not drawn into the second semiconductor region FD2.
    When a signal having a high level (a positive electric signal) is supplied to the third gate electrodes TX3, potentials in regions immediately below the third gate electrodes TX3 become lower than the potentials in the regions immediately below the photogate electrodes. Electrodes PG1, PG2 in the semiconductor substrate 1A. This causes negative charges (electrons) to be drawn toward the third gate electrodes TX3 and to accumulate in potential trenches formed by the third semiconductor regions FD3. When a signal having a low level (e.g., a ground electric potential) is supplied to the third gate electrodes TX3, potential barriers are generated by the third gate electrodes TX3. Therefore, the charges generated in the semiconductor substrate 1A are not drawn into the third semiconductor regions FD3. The third semiconductor regions FD3 collect some of the charges generated in the charge generation region in response to the incident light as unnecessary charges.
    In the area image sensor 1, charges generated in the deep semiconductor portion, in response to incidence of light for projection, are drawn into a potential trench provided on the side of the light incident surface 1FT, whereby accurate distance measurement at high speed is possible.
    Pulsed light LD from the object incident on the light incident surface 1FT of the semiconductor substrate 1A reaches the light receiving region (charge generation region) disposed on a surface side of the semiconductor substrate 1A. The charges generated in the semiconductor substrate 1A in response to the incidence of pulsed light from each of the charge generation regions (each region immediately below the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2) become regions immediately below the first or second gate electrode TX1, TX2 which is adjacent to the corresponding charge generation region. When sense gate signals S1 and S2 synchronized with the pulse driving signal LP of the light source are alternately supplied to the first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2 via the wiring substrate 10, charges generated in each charge generation area directly sink into areas of the first or second gate electrode TX1, TX2 and then flow therefrom to the first or second semiconductor region FD1, FD2.
    The ratio of the charge quantity Q1 or Q2 accumulated in the first semiconductor region FD1 or the second semiconductor region FD2 to the total charge quantity (Q1 + Q2) corresponds to the phase difference between the emitted pulse light emitted with provision of the pulse drive signal SPan of the light source. and the detected pulse light, which after a reflection of the emitted pulse light on the object H.
    Although not shown in the diagrams, the area image sensor 1 is provided with a back-gate semiconductor region for fixing the electric potential of the semiconductor substrate 1A to an electrical reference potential.
    Figs. 6 and 7 are diagrams for showing potential profiles in the vicinity of the light incident surface 1FT of the semiconductor substrate 1A for explaining a charge accumulation operation. 8 is a diagram illustrating a potential profile in the vicinity of the light incident surface 1FT of the semiconductor substrate 1A for explaining a charge-discharge operation. In FIGS. 6 to 8, a downward direction is a positive potential direction. FIGS. 6 to 8 show potential profiles along the line V-V of FIG. 4.
    When light is incident, potentials φPG1, φPG2 in regions immediately below the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 are set slightly higher than the substrate electric potential due to an electric potential (eg, the intervening electric potential between a higher electric potential and a lower electric potential applied to the first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2) supplied to the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2. In each of the diagrams, a potential ΦTX1 in a region immediately below the first gate electrode TX1, a potential ΦTX2 in a region immediately below the second gate electrode TX2, potentials ΦTX3 in a region immediately below the third gate electrode TX3, is a potential ΦFD1 in FIG first semiconductor region FD1, a potential ΦFD2 in the second semiconductor region FD2, and a potential ΦFD3 in the third semiconductor region FD3.
    When the high electric potential of the detection gate signal S1 is input to the first gate electrode TX1, charges generated substantially immediately below the photogate electrode PG1 are immediately submerged in the potential trench of the first semiconductor region FD1 over the region of the first gate electrode TX1, due to a potential gradient, as shown in FIG. Charges corresponding to the charge quantity Q1 accumulate in the potential trench of the first semiconductor region FD1. A low potential electrical potential (e.g., a ground electrical potential) is supplied to the second gate electrode TX2. For this reason, the potential ΦTX2 in the region immediately below the second gate electrode TX2 is not lowered, and charges do not flow into the potential trench of the second semiconductor region FD2.
    When the high electronic potential of the detection gate signal S2 is input to the second gate electrode TX2, subsequent to the detection gate signal Si, charges generated substantially immediately below the photogate electrode PG2 accumulate in the potential trench of the second semiconductor region FD2 through the region immediately under the second gate electrode TX2 due to a potential gradient, as shown in FIG. Charges corresponding to the charge quantity Q2 accumulate in the potential trench of the second semiconductor region FD2. A low potential electrical potential (e.g., a ground electrical potential) is supplied to the first gate electrode TX1. For this reason, the potential ΦTX1 is not reduced in the regions immediately below the first gate electrode TX1, and charges do not flow into the potential trench of the first semiconductor region FD1.
    While the detection gate signal S1 is applied to the first gate electrode TX1, and the detection gate signal S2 is applied to the second gate electrode TX2, a low level electric potential (eg, a ground electric potential) becomes the third one Gate electrode TX3 supplied. For this reason, a potential ΦTX3 in a region immediately under the third gate electrode TX3 is not reduced, and charges do not flow into the potential trench of the third semiconductor region FD3.
    When a positive electric potential is supplied to the third gate electrode TX3, charges generated in the charge generation regions (regions immediately under the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2) flow in the potential trench of the third semiconductor region FD3 the potential ΦTX3 is reduced in a region immediately below the third gate electrode TX3 as shown in FIG. This causes charges generated in the charge generation regions to be accumulated in the potential trench of the third semiconductor region FD3 as unnecessary charges. These unnecessary charges, which are collected in the potential trench of the third semiconductor region FD3, are discharged to the outside. While a positive electric potential is supplied to the third gate electrode TX3, a low level electric potential is supplied to the first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2. For this reason, potentials ΦTX1 and ΦTX2 are not reduced in regions immediately below the first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2, and charges do not flow into the potential trenches of the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2.
    Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining a configuration of a pixel.
    The detection gate signal S1, which is a charge transfer signal, is supplied to the first gate electrode TX1. The detection gate signal S2, which is a charge transfer signal, is supplied to the second gate electrode TX2. That is, charge transfer signals having different phases are supplied to the first gate electrode TX1 and the second gate electrode TX2. A charge transfer signal S3 is supplied to a third gate electrode TX3.
    Charges generated in the charge generation region (substantially in the region immediately below the photogate electrode PG1) flow as signal charges into the potential well composed of the first semiconductor region FD1, while the sense gate signal S1 is at a high level is supplied to the first gate electrode TX1. The signal charges accumulated in the first semiconductor region FD1 are read out from the first semiconductor region FD1 as a voltage Vout1 according to the charge quantity Q1. Charges generated in the charge generation region (substantially in the region immediately below the photogate electrode PG2) flow as signal charges into the potential trench formed by the second semiconductor region FD2, while the high-level detection gate signal S2 is applied to the potential well second gate electrode TX2 is supplied. The signal charges accumulated in the second semiconductor region FD2 are read out as an output Vout2 corresponding to the charge quantity Q2 from the second semiconductor region FD2. These outputs Vout1, Vout2 correspond to the signal d (m, n) described above.
    Fig. 10 is a timing chart of actual various signals.
    The period of a first charging consists of a period for accumulating a signal charge (accumulation period) and a period for reading out a signal charge (read-out period). With a main focus on a single pixel, a signal based on the pulse driving signal SPan of the light source is applied during the accumulation period, and the detection gate signal S1 is applied to the first gate electrode TX1 in synchronization therewith. The detection gate signal S2 having a predetermined phase difference (e.g., a phase difference of 180 degrees) with respect to the detection gate signal S1 is further applied to the second gate electrode TX2. Before the distance is measured, a reset signal is applied to the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2, and charges accumulated therein are discharged to the outside. After the reset signal is turned on and then turned off, the pulses of the detection gate signals S1, S2 are sequentially applied to the first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2, and further charges are transferred sequentially synchronously with the pulses. The signal charges are then integrated and accumulated in the first and second semiconductor regions FD1 and FD2.
    Thereafter, during the readout period, the signal charges accumulated in the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 are read out. The charge transfer signal S <b> 3 applied to the third gate electrode TX <b> 3 is at the high level at this time, and therefore the positive electric potential is supplied to the third gate electrode TX <b> 3, thereby eliminating unnecessary charges in the potential well of the third one Semiconductor region FD3 are collected. When the detection gate signals S1, S2 applied to the first and second gate electrodes TX1, TX2 are all at a low level, the charge transfer signal S3 applied to the third gate electrode TX3 is high Level.
    An electric potential VPG supplied to the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 is set lower than the electric potentials VTX1, VTX2, VTX31, VTX32. Consequently, when the detection gate signals S1, S2 are at the high level, the potentials ΦTX1, ΦTX2 become lower than the potentials φPG1, φPG2. When the charge transfer signal S3 is at the high level, the potential ΦTX3 becomes lower than the potentials φPG1, φPG2.
    The electric potential VPG is set higher than the electric potential that results when the detection gate signals S1 and S2 and the charge transfer signal S3 are at a low level. When the detection gate signals S1, S2 are at a low level, the potentials ΦTX1, ΦTX2 become higher than the potentials φPG1, φPG2. Further, when the charge transfer signal S3 is at a low level, the potential ΦTX3 becomes higher than the potentials φPG1, φPG2.
    As explained above, in the present embodiment, the outer peripheries of the charge generation regions (regions immediately below the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2) extend to the sides of the pixel regions PA1, PA2 except for the corner portions of the pixel regions PA1, PA2, and the areas of the charge generating areas are thereby increased. This can improve the aperture ratio.
    When the charge generation regions extend to the corner portions of the pixel regions PA1, PA2, the distances are long, the charges generated in regions corresponding to the corner portions of the pixel regions PA1, PA2 in the charge generation regions, to the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 located at the central portions of the pixel areas PA1, PA2. For this reason, the transfer time of the charges generated in areas corresponding to the corner portions to the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 is increased, and therefore the efficiency of the transfer of signal charges in the first and second donor areas FD1, FD2 is degraded. In contrast, in the present embodiment, the charge generation regions are not disposed in the corner portions of the pixel regions PA1, PA2, and therefore, signal charges are not transferred from regions that cause the distances that travel the charges to become longer, as explained above. For this reason, the efficiency of the transfer of signal charges in the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 is improved.
    The third semiconductor regions FC2 are arranged in the corner portions of the pixel regions PA1, PA2 in which charge generation regions are not arranged. For this reason, the third semiconductor regions FD3 can be arranged without a reduction of the aperture ratio and the transfer efficiency of charges.
    This enables the accuracy of distance detection in the area image sensor 1 according to the present embodiment to be improved.
    In the present embodiment, the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 are within the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2, and the areas of the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 are set smaller than those of the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2. For this reason, the areas of the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 are greatly reduced, relative to areas available for transferring charges to the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2, in regions (charge generation regions) immediately below the photogate regions. Electrodes PG1, PG2. The charges (charge quantities Q1, Q2) accumulated after transfer into the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 generate respective voltage changes (ΔV) given by the following equation based on the capacitance Cfd of the first and second semiconductor regions FD1 , FD2:ΔV = Q1 / CfdΔV = Q2 / CfdTherefore, when the areas of the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 are reduced, the capacitance Cfd of the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 is reduced, and therefore the voltage changes (ΔV) are increased. That is, the charge voltage conversion gain increases. As a result, high sensitivity of the area image sensor 1 can be achieved.
    The first gate electrode TX1 surrounds the entire periphery of the first semiconductor region FD1. The second gate electrode TX2 surrounds the entire periphery of the second semiconductor region FD2. For this reason, signal charges are accumulated in the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2 from all directions of the first and second semiconductor regions FD1, FD2. As a result, the area efficiency (aperture ratio) of the imaging area can be improved.
    In the present embodiment, the charge-generating regions of a plurality of pixel regions PA1, PA2 are integrated with each other, and the photogate electrodes PG1, PG2 of a plurality of pixel regions PA1, PA2 are integrated with each other. This can increase the utilization efficiency of the sensor surface. The third semiconductor regions FD3 of a plurality of pixel regions PA1, PA2 are further integrated with each other. This may also increase the utilization efficiency of the sensor surface.
    Referring to FIGS. 11 to 17, the configuration of a region image sensor 1 according to a modified example of the present embodiment will be described below.
    The modified example shown in Fig. 11 differs from the above-described embodiment in that the first unit arranged in the single pixel area PA1 forms the single pixel P (m, n). 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of a pixel of the area image sensor according to the modified example.
    The area image sensor of the present modified example is provided with the photogate electrode PG1, the first gate electrode TX1, the plurality of third gate electrodes TX3 included in the first semiconductor region FD1 and third semiconductor regions FD3 in each pixel P (m, n ) provided. The configuration of the single pixel area PA1 forming each pixel P (m, n) is equal to that of the pixel area PA1 of the above-described embodiment.
    The outer peripheries of the photogate electrode PG1 of each pixel area PA1 extend to the sides of the pixel area PA1, and therefore, the photogate electrode PG1 is continuous with the other photogate electrodes PG1 in the row and column directions. The third semiconductor regions FD3 of each pixel region PA1 are integrated with the third semiconductor regions FD3 which are adjacent in the row and column directions. As a result, in four pixel areas PA1 adjacent in the row and column directions, four third semiconductor areas FD3 located at the central portion of the pixel areas PA1 are rectangular (in particular, square-shaped). The ends of the third gate electrodes TX3 of each pixel region PA1 extend to the sides of the pixel region PA1, and therefore, the third gate electrodes TX3 are continuous with other third gate electrodes TX3 in the row and column directions. In the four pixel areas PA1 adjacent in the row and column directions, four third gate electrodes TX3 located at the central portion of the pixel areas PA1 are nearly rectangularly annular.
    Fig. 12 is a timing chart of various signals in the modified example shown in Fig. 11. As shown in Fig. 12, the detection gate signal S1 applied to the first gate electrode TX1 is intermittently given a phase shift at a predetermined timing. In the present modified example, the detection gate signal S1 is given a phase shift of 180 degrees at a timing of 180 degrees. The detection gate signal S1 is synchronized with a pulse drive signal SP at a timing of 0 degree and has a phase difference of 180 degrees with respect to the pulse drive signal SP at a timing of 180 degrees. The phases of the detection gate signal S1 and the charge transfer signal S3 are opposite.
    In the present modified example, signal charges accumulating in the first semiconductor region FD1 are read out as an output Vout1 from the first semiconductor region FD1 at a timing of 0 degrees, and signal charges accumulating in the first semiconductor region FD1 become an output Vout2 is read out from the first semiconductor region FD1 at a timing of 180 degrees. These outputs Vout1, Vout2 correspond to the signal d (m, n) described above. A pixel area PA1 including the photogate electrode PG1 (charge generation area immediately below the photogate electrode PG1) corresponds to one pixel, and the distance is calculated based on outputs from the same pixel. For this reason, this configuration can reduce the deviation in the calculation of the distance compared with a configuration in which a plurality of pixel areas PA1, PA2 correspond to one pixel. This configuration can further increase the utilization efficiency of the sensor surface and therefore improve spatial resolution.
    The detection gate signal S1 may be given a phase shift of 90 degrees at a time of 90 degrees, a phase shift of 180 degrees at a time of 180 degrees, and a phase shift of 270 degrees at a time of 270 degrees. In this case, signal charges accumulating in the first semiconductor region FD1 are read out as outputs at a timing of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, and 270 degrees from the first semiconductor region FD1, and the distance is calculated based on these outputs.
    The variation shown in Fig. 13 differs from the above-described embodiment in that regions RE in which read circuits RC are arranged are set therein. Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of pixels of a region image sensor according to the modified example.
    The areas RE in which the read-out circuits RC are arranged are set for respective pixel areas PA1, PA2. The read-out circuits RC read signals corresponding to the amounts of charge accumulated in the first or second semiconductor region FD1, FD2 of the corresponding pixel region PA1, PA2. The read-out circuits RC consist of floating diffusion amplifiers (FDAs) or the like. The areas RE are located along one of the sides of the pixel areas PA1, PA2, and outside corresponding pixel areas PA1, PA2. In the present modified example, the regions RE are located along one of the sides of the pixel regions PA1, PA2 extending in the row direction, and are arranged between the pixel regions PA1, PA2 adjacent in the column direction.
    In the present modified example, the third gate electrodes TX3 arranged in the pixel areas PA1 and third gate electrodes TX32 arranged in the pixel areas PA2 are spaced apart from each other. Charge transfer signals S31 are supplied to the third gate electrode TX31, and charge transfer signals S32 are supplied to the third gate electrode TX32.
    Fig. 14 is a timing chart of various signals in the modified example shown in Fig. 13;
    While a detection gate signal S1 is applied to a first gate electrode TX1, a low level electric potential (e.g., a ground electric potential) is supplied to the third gate electrode TX31. For this reason, a potential ΦTX31 is not reduced in a region immediately below the third gate electrode TX31, and charges do not flow into the potential trench of the third semiconductor region FD3. While a detection gate signal S2 is applied to the second gate electrode TX2, a low level electric potential (e.g., a ground electric potential) is supplied to the third gate electrode TX32. For this reason, a potential ΦTX32 in a region immediately below the third gate electrode TX32 is not lowered, and charges do not flow into the potential trench of the third semiconductor region FD3.
    The charge transfer signals S31, S32 applied to the third gate electrode TX31, TX32 are at a high level, positive electric potentials are supplied to the third gate electrodes TX31, TX32, and unnecessary charges are generated in the Potential trench of the third semiconductor region FD3 collected. The detection gate signal S1 and the charge transfer signal S31 have opposite phases. The detection gate signal S2 and the charge transfer signal S32 have opposite phases.
    According to the present modified example, the readout circuits RC can be arranged without deteriorating the improvement of the aperture ratio and the charge transfer efficiency. The regions RE may be along one of the sides of the pixel regions PA1, PA2 extending in the column direction. In this case, the regions RE between the pixel regions PA1, PA2 are arranged adjacent in the row direction.
    The modified example shown in Fig. 15 differs from the modified example shown in Fig. 11 in that regions RE in which read-out circuits RC are arranged are set therein. Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of pixels of a region image sensor according to the modified example.
    In the present modified example, like the modified example shown in Fig. 13, the areas Re are positioned along one of the sides of pixel areas PA1, PA2 extending in the row direction, and are located between the pixel areas PA1, PA2 arranged adjacent in the column direction. The regions RE are separated along one of the sides of the pixel regions PA1, PA2, which extend in the column direction.
    In the modified example of Fig. 16, the positions of the regions RE are different from those in the modified example shown in Fig. 13. Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of pixels of a range image sensor according to the modified example.
    The areas RE in which read circuits RC are arranged are located in respective corner portions of the pixel areas PA1, PA2. That is, third gate electrodes TX31, TX32, and third semiconductor regions FD3 are not disposed in the corner portions in which the regions RE are positioned. The areas RE are located in respective pixel areas PA1, PA2.
    According to the present modified example, the readout circuits RC can also be arranged without deteriorating the improvement of the aperture ratio and the charge transfer efficiency. The areas RE may be located in respective other corner portions of the pixel areas PA1, PA2.
    In the modified example shown in Fig. 17, the positions of the regions RE are different from those in the modified example shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram showing pixels of a region image sensor according to the modified example.
    The areas RE in which read circuits RC are arranged are located in respective corner portions of pixel areas PA1, PA2. That is, third gate electrodes TX31, TX32 and third semiconductor regions FD3 are not disposed in the corner portions in which the regions RE are located. The areas RE are located in respective pixel areas PA1, PA2.
    According to the present modified example, the readout circuits RC can be arranged without deteriorating the improvement of the aperture ratio and the charge transfer efficiency. The areas RE may be located in respective other corner portions of the pixel areas PA1, PA2.
    In the above, preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained, however, it is noted that the present invention is not always limited to the above embodiments, but may be modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the invention.
    The shape of the pixel areas PA1 and PA2 is not limited to a rectangular shape (square shape). The shape of the pixel areas PA1, PA2 may be, e.g. be a triangle shape or a polygon with five or more vertices.
    The area image sensor 1 is not limited to a front-illuminated area image sensor. The area image sensor 1 may be a back-illuminated area image sensor.
    The charge generation region in which charges are generated in response to incident light may be formed by a photodiode (e.g., an implanted photodiode or the like). The area image sensor 1 is not limited to a configuration in which pixels P (m, n) are arranged in a two-dimensional arrangement, but may have a configuration in which pixels P (m, n) are arranged in a one-dimensional arrangement.
    The p- and n-type electric conduction processes in the area image sensor 1 according to the above-explained embodiment are interchangeable.
    Industrial applicability
    The present invention is applicable to area sensors and area image sensors mounted on product monitors in production lines in factories, on vehicles or the like.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    A range sensor comprising:a charge generation region configured such that outer peripheries thereof extend into sides of a polygonal pixel region (PA1) except for corner portions of the pixel region (PA1) and configured to generate charges in accordance with incident light;a signal charge collection region (FD1) disposed at a central portion of the pixel region (PA1) and within the charge generation region to be surrounded by the charge generation region and configured to accumulate signal charges from the charge generation region;a non-required charge collection region (FD3) disposed in a corner portion of the pixel region (PA1) and outside the charge generation region, and configured to collect unnecessary charges from the charge generation region;a photogate electrode (PG1) disposed on the charge generation region;a transfer electrode (TX1) disposed between the signal charge collection region (FD1) and the charge generation region, and configured to cause the signal charges to flow from the charge generation region into the signal charge collection region (FD1) in response to an input signal; anda non-required charge collection gate electrode (TX3) disposed between the unnecessary charge collection region (FD3) and the charge generation region, and configured to cause the unnecessary charges from the charge generation region to the collection region (FIG. FD3) for unnecessary charges in response to an input signal.
    [2]
    The area sensor according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the pixel areas (PA1, PA2) are adjacent;wherein the charge generation regions of the plurality of pixel regions (PA1, PA2) are integrated with each other, andthe photogate electrodes (PG1, PG2) of the plurality of pixel areas (PA1, PA2) are integrated with each other.
    [3]
    The area sensor according to claim 2, wherein the collection areas of the unnecessary charges of the plurality of pixel areas (PA1, PA2) are integrated with each other.
    [4]
    4. area sensor according to claim 2 or 3, comprising a control circuit (2), designed such that it provides the transfer electrodes (TX1, TX2) of the plurality of pixel areas (PA1, PA2) respective charge transfer signals (S1, S2), which have different phases.
    [5]
    The range sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a control circuit (2) adapted to supply the transfer electrode (TX1) with a transfer signal (S1) which is intermittently given a phase shift at a predetermined time.
    [6]
    A range sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a region in which a read-out circuit for reading a signal corresponding to a charge amount accumulated in the signal charge collection region (FD1) along one side of the pixel region (PA1) and outside the pixel region Pixel area (PA1) is arranged.
    [7]
    An area sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a region in which a read-out circuit for reading a signal corresponding to a charge amount accumulated in the signal charge collection area (FD1) is positioned in a corner portion of the pixel area (PA1) ,
    [8]
    An area sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the signal charge collection area (FD1) is rectangular when viewed in a plan view, and the transfer electrode (TX1, TX2) is nearly polygonal ring-shaped.
    [9]
    A region image sensor (1) having an imaging region including a plurality of units arranged in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrangement on a semiconductor substrate and receiving a region image based on charge quantities outputted from said devices;wherein each of the units is the range sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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    同族专利:
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    JP5932400B2|2016-06-08|
    US20130228828A1|2013-09-05|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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